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Clyde Roger Vinson (born February 19, 1940) is a senior federal judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida. Until May 3, 2013 he was also a member of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.fas.org/irp/agency/doj/fisa/court2013.html )〕〔 〕 ==Life and career== Born in Cadiz, Kentucky, Vinson attended the United States Naval Academy and graduated in 1962 with a bachelor's degree in engineering. He served at Naval Air Station Pensacola as a naval aviator from 1962–1968, attaining the rank of lieutenant. After his service, he attended Vanderbilt University and received his J.D. in 1971. Returning to Pensacola, Florida, Vinson joined the law firm of Beggs & Lane, where he practiced general civil law from 1971–1983. He was nominated to the federal bench by President Ronald Reagan on September 9, 1983 to a seat vacated by Lynn C. Higby, was confirmed by the Senate on October 4, and received his commission a day later. Among the notable cases he has presided over: *Four defendants of abortion clinic bombing, 1985〔Staff report (April 25, 1985). (2 of 4 Are Guilty of Clinic Bombing. ) ''The New York Times''〕 *Escambia County, Florida ordinance banning ''The Last Temptation of Christ'', 1988〔Associated Press (September 11, 1988). (Judge Overturns Ban on Film. ) ''The New York Times''〕 *Shoney's $134 million race discrimination settlement, 1993〔Staff report (January 28, 1993). (Shoney's Bias Suit Settled. ) ''The New York Times''〕 *Paul Jennings Hill (federal Clinic Access Law charges), 1994〔Smothers, Ronald (October 6, 1994). (Protester Is Guilty Under Clinic Access Law. ) ''The New York Times''〕 *Sentenced Financial Manager Marcus Schrenker, who attempted to fake his own death by parachuting out of his plane after charges were brought against him for securities fraud, to four years in federal prison in 2009.〔Martinez, Edecio (August 21, 2009). (Millionaire Who Faked Death Sobs in Court; Gets 4 Years. ) ''CBS News''〕 Vinson was chief judge from 1997 to 2004. He assumed senior status on March 31, 2005. He is noted for being a hardline judge who refuses to depart from maximum sentences in spite of their severity, even though he agrees his very own sentences are far too high. In his own words: "The punishment is supposed to fit the crime, but when a legislative body says this is going to be the sentence no matter what other factors there are, that's draconian in every sense of the word. Mandatory sentences breed injustice." He was appointed to serve a seven-year term on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, effective May 4, 2006. As a member of the FISA court, Vinson issued a top secret court order on April 25, 2013 requiring Verizon's Business Network Services to provide metadata on all calls in its system to the National Security Agency "on an ongoing daily basis".〔Charlie Savage and Edward Wyatt, ("U.S. Is Secretly Collecting Records of Verizon Calls" ), ''The New York Times'', June 5, 2013. Accessed June 6, 2013.〕 In 2010, Vinson was assigned to hear a case, ''Florida et al v. United States Department of Health and Human Services'', brought by a group of 26 states that was filed with support by 22 attorneys general and four governors challenging the constitutionality of the new Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA), specifically its requirement that most individuals obtain medical insurance. The suit is the second of more than 15 lawsuits filed against the act that has advanced to this stage of litigation. On January 31, 2011, Vinson ruled that the individual mandate provision of the PPACA violated the Constitution by regulating economic inactivity, and as the mandate is not severable the entire statute was ruled unconstitutional. Vinson allowed the law to stand while it was being appealed by the Obama administration. Vinson later issued a stay to his January ruling, allowing implementation to proceed while its constitutionality was weighed.〔Kendall, Brent (March 4, 2011). (Health Overhaul Is Given Reprieve. ) ''Wall Street Journal''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Roger Vinson」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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